A Diplomatic Embarrassment
Approximations of Justice
Right of Revolution
Note the first two sections of the Tennessee Constitution, which dates to 1796 and which Thomas Jefferson praised at the time:Section 1. That all power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority, and instituted for their peace, safety, and happiness; for the advancement of those ends they have at all times, an unalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform, or abolish the government in such manner as they may think proper.Section 2. That government being instituted for the common benefit, the doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power and oppression is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind.This was unremarkable at the time of the Framers, when badges of office did not possess a talismanic power.
Quite right.
God-Given Rights?
I recently read and heard some commentary that used the
phrase “God-given rights.” In each case, the commentator was referring to the
idea that the origin of our political rights stem from God rather than government.
This is not a new idea. In fact, this concept is eloquently asserted in the
second paragraph of our Declaration of Independence which states that we are
endowed by our Creator with certain unalienable rights. However, with all due
respect to Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration, is this an accurate statement
regarding the origin our rights?
If it is, I find no sanction for this idea in the Bible,
certainly not in the New Testament. I find no endorsement or explanation of
rights that civil society is required to observe or respect anywhere in the
teachings of Christ or his Apostles. In fact, 1 Peter Chapter 2, verse 13
specifically tells Christians to submit to every human authority. Slaves are to
submit to their masters, even if the masters are cruel.
This is not surprising because Jesus was clear that his Kingdom
was not of this world. Christ is concerned with the state of our soul, not
temporal political or legal concerns such as rights. Consequently, I think it
is mistaken to think of our rights in society as originating with God.
This does not mean that I believe our rights are a gift of
the government, to be removed or restricted as government officials see fit.
Rather, our rights came into existence over time through the influence of
societal variables such as history, experience, tradition, legal precedent and
any number of phenomena that shaped our cultural values. Our rights are a product
of our shared societal experience rather than something that was divinely
granted. They are a cultural inheritance to be protected.
What is the value or impact of this observation? If rights
are the product of a particular cultural experience they will differ from
society to society. Different societies will understand and express rights in
different ways. That being the case, it is futile if not illegitimate to try to
force a particular understanding of rights on another culture. This is one
reason why our attempt to force Western notions of rights on Afghanistan and
Iraq failed so miserably. Consequently, foreign interventions to enforce a
specific rights regime, or remake countries in our image is not only
wrongheaded, it’s bound to ultimately fail.
Some Western Swing
You may have heard of the Fallout television show, which has become a breakout hit. I think it derives a lot of its force from its use of this kind of classic American music -- including Western Swing -- which is just objectively better than what the kids are used to hearing. It's not even nostalgic for them, because they've never heard it before. The real trick is this: they've never heard anything like it.
C'est Dommage
On the Birthday of Patrick Henry
The fate of this question and of America may depend on this. Have they said, We, the states? Have they made a proposal of a compact between states? If they had, this would be a confederation. It is otherwise most clearly a consolidated government. The question turns, sir, on that poor little thing — the expression, We, the people, instead of the states, of America. I need not take much pains to show that the principles of this system are extremely pernicious, impolitic, and dangerous. Is this a monarchy, like England — a compact between prince and people, with checks on the former to secure the liberty of the latter? Is this a confederacy, like Holland — an association of a number of independent states, each of which retains its individual sovereignty? It is not a democracy, wherein the people retain all their rights securely. Had these principles been adhered to, we should not have been brought to this alarming transition, from a confederacy to a consolidated government.... It is radical in this transition; our rights and privileges are endangered, and the sovereignty of the states will be relinquished: and cannot we plainly see that this is actually the case? The rights of conscience, trial by jury, liberty of the press, all your immunities and franchises, all pretensions to human rights and privileges, are rendered insecure, if not lost, by this change...
Emphasis added; there is a great deal more to the speech that is worth review.
As is well known, objections such as his gave us the Bill of Rights, which has been an insufficient but necessary defensive measure. On some occasions it has been successful, and on many occasions it has provided a part of a successful legal defense.
He also talked about the danger posed by a central state to the physical defense of liberty. Even today his words bear consideration.
My great objection to this government is, that it does not leave us the means of defending our rights, or of waging war against tyrants. It is urged by some gentlemen, that this new plan will bring us an acquisition of strength — an army, and the militia of the states. This is an idea extremely ridiculous: gentlemen cannot be earnest. This acquisition will trample on our fallen liberty. Let my beloved Americans guard against that fatal lethargy that has pervaded the universe. Have we the means of resisting disciplined armies, when our only defence [sic], the militia, is put into the hands of Congress?... Whither is the spirit of America gone? Whither is the genius of America fled? It was but yesterday, when our enemies marched in triumph through our country. Yet the people of this country could not be appalled by their pompous armaments: they stopped their carer [sic], and victoriously captured them. Where is the peril, now, compared to that? Some minds are agitated by foreign alarms. Happily for us, there is no real danger from Europe; that country is engaged in more arduous business: from that quarter there is no cause of fear: you may sleep in safety forever for them.
I likewise think that America is not ripe for conquest by a foreign power, certainly not a European one but not any one; and it is so not because of the fact that the central government has a strong army and has managed to turn the state militias into a National Guard it can federalize at will, but because the people remain heavily armed and capable of independent action.
Indeed, this is the chief thing that has kept all of that centralized Federal power from becoming a true tyranny. The lines they wish to cross and do not remain uncrossed because they are cognizant of the limits of their power to control the ordinary people's ideals given the ordinary people's arms.
That is a partial answer to his concern about whether we have the means to resist disciplined armies given the lack of a disciplined force loyal to each of the states. Like the Bill of Rights, however, it is not a complete defense even if it is a necessary one.
Advising the Virtuous Youth
I got in last night about seven. It was a 533 mile ride from Arlington back home. Of course I made the same ride in reverse going up, but my thoughts were focused on the events to come. On the ride back I had time to reflect on the ride itself.
I left Arlington by the George Washington Parkway, then took I-66 west all the way to I-81 in the Shenandoah valley. After that, I rode the Shenandoah valley and then the New River valley to the city of Bristol, which bestrides the border between Virginia and Tennessee. From there I continued west and then south to Johnson City, south to the high wall and crossed into North Carolina there.
The great rivers I crossed yesterday were the Shenandoah, the Roanoke, the New River, and the French Broad. Lesser rivers include the Watauga and the Tuckasegee.
While I was stopped at the Tennessee Welcome Center, I met a young man who had just purchased his first motorcycle, a Kawasaki Ninja. He was learning to ride and came to me to seek advice. He had bought the bike exactly one month ago, having talked his young wife into accepting the idea of him riding in spite of her concerns.
I advised him as I did with my own son: to be sure to take the safety course, which would help him develop crucial skills like emergency braking without laying the bike down, and defensive driving. Also, I suggested, he might want to avoid any roads with nicknames like "Snake" or "Dragon" for at least six months to give himself time to build those skills and turn them into internal habits.
To assure me that he was practicing diligently, he turned his bike on so I could see his odometer. It read 495. "I just bought this bike a month ago," he told me.
I told him, "I'm riding further than that today." That got his attention, so we discussed the ride and then I reaffirmed the importance of him seeking the safety training. I hope that the conversation will encourage him to seek it out.
Motorcycles are wonderful, but if any young people are reading this and thinking about doing it as well, please do get the training first, and then do the practice necessary to internalize it into habit. As Aristotle says, developing virtue only begins with understanding what the right thing to do is in a given circumstance. Virtue isn't knowledge, he says, but habit: you have the virtue only when you have practiced doing the right thing to the point that you can do it without having to think about it again.
It might seem odd to describe skill at motorcycle riding as a sort of virtue, because the Christian inheritance tinges 'virtue' with a moral quality that is absent in the case of motorcycle riding. That isn't true in the Greek, though: the Greek word is arete, which means "excellence" and 'the ability to excel' at any practical thing. The moral virtues are like the practical ones, and the analysis holds for all of them. You practice moderation by moderating yourself until it is habitual to do so; you practice horsemanship by riding horses. Here as there, the skill of learning and then developing a virtue is a thing you can learn, and then you can apply that skill across your life. It will help you in everything that you do.
Across Tennessee
Riding Back
Prayers answered
Demonstration Ride
BLACKFIVE Reunion
Riding
These People Just Hate Historic Flags
Riding North
Admire the Effort
Recognizing the Imaginary
Ireland said that it hopes its recognition will press Israel, the Palestinians and the international community toward a two-state solution, one that includes the creation of a demilitarized Palestinian state drawn on the borders as they were in 1967, with Jerusalem as a shared capital.That long-imagined dream — the goal of generations of U.S. diplomats — has never seemed so far away.











