E.B. sends this article questioning whether a Marine acted legally in administering a coup de grace to a possibly wounded, possibly dead insurgent. JHD sends this article on the same topic, which points out that several insurgents have used such ploys to kill Marines -- and other ploys, such as boobytrapping corpses. It also mentions that the Marine in question had himself been shot in the face earlier that day while performing similiar duties.
Doc has posted an evaluation of the incident, and concludes that it was righteous for various reasons, one of which was that the insurgents are illegal fighters who are not therefore covered by the Geneva Conventions. This is a trickier legal point than you might imagine, however, because during "an occupation," all citizens of the occupied nation are covered by the Conventions, whether they are otherwise behaving as legal fighters or not. If the insurgent were a foreign fighter, then, he would not be protected; if he was or was thought to be a native Iraqi, whether he is protected or not doesn't depend on his conduct, but on whether or not we are still engaged in what the Conventions considers "an occupation."
Does the provisional Iraqi government's existence, and the fact that we have transferred control of the country to them, end the occupation? I gather that our government is arguing that it does: we transferred custody of Saddam at the same time, for example, in order to comply with the Conventions' requirements that we release or transfer all prisoners of war when the occupation ends. The administration has also stated from time to time that we are in Iraq "at the invitation" of the provisional government.
Still, this is a complication any defense by a JAG officer would have to address. There is another: if the military has been ordered to treat the insurgents in line with the Conventions, then there is an obligation to do so whether or not the Conventions normally would apply. I am not certain what orders have been given, but the US military's legal arm is very attached to the Geneva Conventions. I would be a bit surprised if troops in Iraq were not under orders to apply their standards at all times.
I do think, however, that no courtmartial could find this Marine guilty of murder. He was dealing, not with a prisoner but with an apparent corpse; he was doing so when there had been several suicide attacks on Marines; in circumstances when, indeed, even a corpse is dangerous; and when determining whether or not the "corpse" was dead or alive, armed or disarmed, would entail extraordinary risk to life and limb under the Conventions' standards.
The Conventions, in fact, permit you to grenade holes in which insurgents (or children) might be hiding. That is the nearest parallel to this situation that comes to my mind, as regards the ability to know the precise nature of a potential threat, and the power to use lethal force to make certain the way is safe. If that is righteous under the Conventions, surely this is: in that example, dead children as well as dead enemy combatants are a possible result. In this circumstance, the only possible result is a dead enemy combatant. There is no possibility of the force administered killing a noncombatant at all.
My Way News
Asia Times Online - News from greater China; Hong Kong and Taiwan
The Asia Times has a piece on several major riots, street battles, and demonstrations from the Middle Kingdom. The police appear to be taking it on the chin -- which is not very surprising, as they are often not armed in China. "The People's Armed Police" is actually a wing of the military. The regular police are run by the Ministry of Public Safety, and are usually unarmed.
The people of China are not armed either, at least, not with firearms. You'll see some impressive knives in China, though, since people have to do their own butchery on a daily basis. For the same reason, the Chinese know how to use those knives. The relative lack of refrigeration technology means that fresh-killed meat is the standard even in large cities. It's quite common to see people wandering around with live ducks or large fish, or even pigs that have recently been killed and split into quarters so that they can be lashed to a bike.
Die Jakkalsgat: US mechanised infantry battalion structure
A primer on US mechanized infantry unit structure, for those of my readers who felt stung by the recent piece citing Mr. Drum. The comments section is as useful as the piece itself for starting to get a handle on how the US Army's fighting units are structed, and how they operate.
Once you've got that down, you have to realize that the Marine Corps operates on a different principle entirely. The 'organic unit' for the USMC is the Marine Air/Ground Task Force (MAGTF), which handles the combined arms aspect in the way that TF 2/7 does, but the barracks 2/7 does not. However, Marines also have battalions, which is what 3/5 means below: 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines. MAGTFs, though the organic unit for fighting and organization purposes, don't carry the unit's history. This has the result that Marines think of themselves as part of this or that battalion, though much less so than in the Army: Marines think of themselves first and last as Marines, not as cavalry, or 7th Cav, or 101st Airborne.
MAGTFs come in several sizes. The largest is normally the Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF), and the smallest the Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU). There are also sometimes special MAGTF that are created for a particular function: Task Force Tarawa, for example.
The use of combined arms and joint force combat has been stunningly successful in Fallujah. Not only are these Army task forces working well together, they're combining well with the Iraqi National Guard, and the Marines, and the air assets that are tasked with supporting them. The lack of friendly fire casualties under these circumstances is astonishing.
In addition to not having called down fire on allied positions, the Coalition forces apparently have not failed to call down fire on enemy positions. It was just such a failure to fire -- having misidentified massing Confederate infantry as a support unit -- that caused the Union army to lose the first battle of Manassas, a.k.a. the first battle of Bull Run. Even amid all the confusion of units in Fallujah, fire support has been outstanding by all accounts.
Telegraph | Opinion | Tough dove
From Mark Steyn, writing the week of Powell's famous appearance before the UN.
Foreign Policy: Powell Valediction
One of my chief complaints with the Bush administration has been that Bush would not force a settlement between his advisors. It's fine to have advisors who disagree, so long as once the boss has made his decision, both sides resolve to follow his lead in full measure.
It is, therefore, with no sadness whatever that I watch the departure of Secretary Powell. Mr. Hitchens seems to share my opinion, by and large. Indeed, his disdain for the man outstrips my own by an order of magnitude.
I could wish for a better replacement: Dr. Rice has never impressed me in her current position, and I am not sure what virtue except loyalty justifies her promotion. The Secretary of State is one of those jobs which cannot accomplish much benefit even if it is done well, but can cause a great deal of harm if it is done badly. Having someone as notoriously indecisive as Dr. Rice in the position is probably not going to work very well. Still, at least she will follow the President, and thereby devote herself to working to undermine our foreign enemies rather than the Department of Defense. So, even if she is a poor choice, she represents an improvement.
Michael J. Totten: They Ain�t Studying War No More
Your boy Kevin Drum is right on [UPDATE: KGC correctly points out that Drum didn't write this; he was merely citing it. The actual author was Heather Hurlburt]:
Many Democrats who came of age during the Vietnam War retain a gut-level distrust of the military. Younger staffers, who may not carry the same psychological baggage, have few mentors urging them toward military or security issues. I speak from experience: My main qualification for my first Washington job -- covering European security for Congress -- was that I could locate the Warsaw Pact countries on a map and correctly identify the acronyms of the relevant international organizations.I've had a chance to know quite a few Democratic activists. I've never known one who knew, or cared to know, the first thing about military science. Of them all, Sovay is the closest: she's read some books on military history.
But lack of expertise is only a symptom. The malady is an irresponsible lack of interest. The issues that drive most contemporary Democrats into politics are reproductive rights, health care, fiscal policy, or poverty, not national security. Even those young Democrats who are interested in foreign affairs tend to be drawn to 'soft' subjects such as debt relief and human rights. Aspiring foreign policy wonks will often get pulled into military affairs by way of, say, their work on demining. But when these young people visualize exciting jobs in the next Democratic administration, they think State Department, not Pentagon.
The rest of them just sneer.
I know liberals who care about these issues, and who know what they're talking about -- a few of them (Deud, I'm looking at you) post here. But where are they among the ranks of the activists, and the movers of the party?
I just finished saying that ParaPundit is the most convincing voice of the antiwar movement. ParaPundit, however, is a paleoconservative.
If you don't know a refused flank from a Notre Dame Box Formation, how am I supposed to believe you can win a war for us?
Why should I believe you if you say this war is the wrong one?
A German Lesson for Remaking Iraq (washingtonpost.com)
The most peaceful revolution of all time was the fall of the Berlin Wall:
By way of illustration, she told the story of a woman in Mecklenburg who learned, after the Wall fell, that the citizens of other East German towns had occupied their local Stasi headquarters. Since everyone else in Mecklenburg was otherwise occupied -- people still had to go to work, take care of children, clean the house -- the woman walked up to her local Stasi headquarters alone, knocked on the door, and said she would like to occupy the building. The guard solemnly handed over his pistol, gave her the keys and let her in.Still, things are far from perfect: in fact, former East Germans are so miserable that twenty percent say they wish the wall had never come down at all.
The lesson of the East German transition after 15 years should, in other words, be phrased as a warning: Even if it is possible to get every political and economic element right, even if it is possible to avoid violence entirely, the psychological transition to liberal democracy from a regime ruled by fear is one that takes at least one generation, if not two. Few people are able to walk from a closed society into an open one without self-doubt and discomfort. Few people find it easy to readjust their thinking overnight, even if they want to. Few people are able to look at themselves in the mirror, tell themselves that the first few decades of their lives were all a bad mistake, and go out and start living new lives according to new rules. It was no accident, a wise teacher once told me, that God made the Israelites wander in the desert for 40 years before bringing them to the promised land: That was how long it would take them to unlearn the mental habits of Egyptian slavery.The rest of the article is just as interesting.
Camera phone smuggling rife in Saudi Arabia - NOV 14, 2004
Did you know that camera phone smuggling was a serious problem for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia?
Cattle smuggling troubles Mozambique.
North Korea has to worry about radio smugglers.
Smuggling is also a problem for Iran and Azerbaijan. There's no word on what kind of smuggling is problem, however. It would be fascinating to know what either one has that the other one doesn't want coming in. Whatever it is, it's a serious problem: Al Jazeera cites a panel of Iranian economists, who cite smuggling as one of several critical threats to what remains of Iran's economy.
It could be, in part, archaeological treasures. Here's a fascinating report on "underwater archaeology" that treats several ancient cities sunken off the coast of Iran.
And, of course, there's this from down Mexico way. Nothing funny about that link.
ParaPundit : November 2004 Archives
I never thought the Lancet survey of civilian casualties in Iraq would take off. For one thing, Lancet is a peer-reviewed academic journal, which publications are only rarely read outside the community they intend to serve. For another, the survey was so badly and obviously flawed that nobody could take it seriously. Surely, in the next issue the editors will correct what was a tremendously bad job.
However, perhaps because there are so many people eager to believe what it purports to say, I've started to see "the US has killed 100,000 civilians in Iraq" popping up on discussion boards everywhere.
ParaPundit ably examined the problems with the survey when it came out earlier this month. ParaPundit is very much anti-war: in fact, he is far and away the most convincing anti-war voice in the blogosphere, because he argues out of an understanding of the military science. The issues he tends to raise are the real and severe problems we have to overcome if there will be success in Iraq. I don't share his pessimism about our prospects, but I respect his knowledge and recognize that he points to real concerns.
Still, being of a serious mind, he hates bad argumentation from his own side even more than from his opponents. This is often true of people who are at the top of their game: they recognize that hackery and bad-faith argumentation from their side weaken their argument. Even though they agree with the conclusion, they'll still dispute the method.
As ParaPundit demonstrates, there are two serious problems with the Lancet piece:
1) The survey's "Confidence Interval" runs from 8,000 to 194,000 dead. The "100,000 dead" estimate is merely the middle of that range. However, the confidence interval means that 8,000 is just as likely as 100,000 to be the real number; and that 160,000 or 194,000 are also just as likely. That makes this, as one person sneered, "not an estimate but a dartboard."
2) The estimates that push this out of the 8,000 range and into the 100,000+ range come from hospitals in areas that were insurgent-controlled during the survey. The estimates out of other parts of Iraq, even those which have seen heavy fighting, are much, much lower.
It was standard practice in Ba'athist Iraq to inflate vastly the numbers of starvations resulting from the UN sanctions, and to invent out of whole cloth mass disease and other ills supposedly the result of those same sanctions. This is just business as usual.
DRUDGE REPORT 2004�
From Xinhua wires:
Chief of PLO executive committee Mahmoud Abbas, Abu Mazen escaped on Sunday night an assassination attempt as he was attacked by unknown militants at the mourning tent erected to receive condolences for Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat who died on Thursday.The run-on sentence is characteristic of Chinese-to-English translation. In this case, however, it neatly captures the pace of events: Death -> Mourning -> Succession -> Assassination Attempt -> Civil War.
WFTV.com - News - Police Taser 6-Year-Old Boy At Elementary School
I'm not a real big advocate of the "cops are fascist" line of thinking. But then I see this report of a six year old boy being hit with a 50,000 volt taser.
Yeah, the kid was "armed." With broken glass. Yeah, he was cutting himself.
But in what world can't a pair of fully grown men restrain a six year old without blasting him with a taser?
Good God.
You probably saw Dave Kopel's latest over at the Sage. It's an interesting, scholarly treatment of the question -- and like all good scholarly writing, it has a fair bit of humor to liven up the dull parts.
My favorite part:
When the Ohio prohibition was challenged, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that the prohibition of concealed handgun carrying was constitutional, because state law still allowed the carrying of unconcealed handguns. As a result, large numbers of Ohioans began carrying unconcealed handguns; in response, the Ohio legislature quickly enacted a "shall issue" law to legalize concealed handguns.Ignorance is bliss, I suppose. I'd rather have the pistols out where I can see them, but suit yourselves.
Concealed carry is more effective as a counterterrorist (and general anti-crime) precaution, because it makes it impossible for miscreants to accurately estimate the danger presented by their target. Do we need a five man team for this office building filled with a hundred Americans? Or are half of those office drones going to prove to be good old American gunslingers armed with .357 Magnum revolvers?
That uncertainty reduces crime, as the criminal discards most marginal targets -- i.e., targets who might be armed, which includes almost everyone. A terrorist has more devotion to his cause, but the need to plan for larger operations creates new vunerabilities for him. The need for larger teams, and more time, means that law enforcement has greatly increased opportunity to uncover and disrupt the plot.
Iraq�s �Special Forces� continue training, ops
CENTCOM provides a window into the training of the commando battalion of the Iraqi National Guard.
Boston.com / News / Local / Mass. / Elderly veteran killed in parade tragedy
Per LQ, sad news from Boston. Requiescat in pace, old soldier.
DRUDGE REPORT FLASH 2004�
Bush's folks are appealing the WTO ruling that internet gambling is legal.
This is just another affront to the rights of Gambler Americans such as myself. I suppose the Navy/Marine Corps Relief Fund will continue to benefit from their stubborness, however, so I suppose there is some moral argument to be made. I'd probably just blow the money on new shoes for the boy.
The Corner on National Review Online
On the other hand, sometimes those Corps Values pay off:
'On another occasion, the snipers tensed when they heard movement in the direction of a smoldering building. A cat sauntered out, unconcerned with anything but making its rounds in the neighborhood.Midnight and Snowball would be proud.
'Can I shoot it, sir?' a sniper asked an officer.
'Absolutely not,' came the reply.
Belmont Club
The Belmont Club remains one of the best sources on the internet for writing about the war. Today he has a piece on Arafat, but also a piece on the war in Iraq beyond Fallujah. It's fascinating, insightful, and concludes thus:
Every campaign has a political dimension. The campaign in the Sunni Triangle is probably aimed at convincing the enemy that resistance is now futile and their best hope lies in participating in the new Iraqi government through elections. Personally (speculation alert!) I doubt it can achieve as much. The campaign will absolutely gut the enemy as a guerilla force, but it will not be enough to prevent them from terrorizing Sunni politicians who may wish to participate in the coming elections. But this will only postpone unconditional Sunni defeat for another year because a terrorist enforced boycott will mean that Kurds and Shi'ites will dominate the new administration and most importantly, its Army. By next year, the regular Iraqi Army will be a far more potent force and the Sunni insurgency a far weaker one. But that's the old sad human story; to miss the chance when it comes and pine for it ever afterward.
Survived SARS: Bad Elements...3.1 million of them...
Here is a report that 3.1 million Chinese joined in protests or demonstrations last year. One of the largest demonstrations in Chinese history happened just this past month, and lasted for "more than a week." Given how much the Chinese Communist Party loves protests, that's pretty impressive stuff. Activism in the US is a sign of deeply held beliefs, but not particular moral courage, as there is no consequence -- even if you're arrested, they'll let you go unharmed straight away, and an arrest record can be shown as a badge of honor in many places. It's a bit different in China, where people disappear on a regular basis, suffer tortures to make Abu Ghraib look like a playground, and are frequently executed outright, with their family finding out they were imprisoned at all only when they get the bill for the bullet.
Conventional wisdom is that the economic boom that China has enjoyed for the last decade has been suppressing dissent. Simon's World has a piece on why the economic numbers this year are probably just regime propaganda. If there's an economic slowdown, it may help to explain the rise in demonstrations against the state.
On the other hand, tensions are high in China. The Nepalese Maoists, who believe that China is a counterrevolutionary government that will have to be fought, continue to enjoy tremendous success in Nepal. I suspect their eventual victory, and the establishment of a Maoist state in Nepal, unless we see increased Indian/Chinese/US efforts to block that. The Nepalese have made some inroads into Tibet, which could help to explain the Chinese crackdown there. A linkup between Tibetian nationalists and Nepalese Maoists must figure into some Chinese general's nightmares.
There have also been riots in China among the ethnic minorities, particularly the East Turkmen (called also the Uighur). There has been a clampdown on news stories about this, but somewhere between 20 and 150 were killed by a Chinese mob two weeks ago, in what would be called a "race riot" if it happened in the US. The entire village in which it happened has been under interdiction since then, with all the roads closed off by the PLA, and no news getting out.
Interesting times.